基于正交试验的非对称垂直轴水轮机数值模拟

运用正交试验法开展了具有非对称NACA翼型的垂直轴潮流能水轮机的非定常数值模拟研究,分析弯度、弯度位置、前缘半径、最大厚度位置对叶轮能量提取率的影响。使用极差分析法确定了各因素影响的主次顺序和各尖速比下由最优参数确定的翼型。结果表明:在不同尖速比下,弯度是影响水轮机性能的主导因素,对水轮机能量提取率的贡献率分别为44.7%(尖速比λ=2.25)、53.4%(尖速比λ=2.5)和59.4%(尖速比λ=2.75);次要因素为最大厚度所在位置,其余两个参数对其性能影响较小。针对最优参数确定的翼型进行验证,结果证实具有该翼型的水轮机的动力学性能要好于其他翼型。     

Spatial Relationships of Water Resources with Energy Consumption at Coal Mining Operations in China

Mine Water and the Environment - The spatial characterization and regional differences of water use in China’s coal mines were investigated based on a high spatial resolution mine site...     

Genes Identification,Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Analysis of Laccases from Amylostereum areolatum Provides Molecular Basis of Laccase Bound to Lignin

An obligate mutualistic relationship exists between the fungus Amylostereum areolatum and woodwasp Sirex noctilio. The fungus digests lignin in the host pine, providing essential nutrients for the growing woodwasp larvae. However, the functional properties of this symbiosis are poorly described. In this study, we identified, cloned, and characterized 14 laccase genes from A. areolatum. These genes encoded proteins of 508 to 529 amino acids and contained three typical copper-oxidase domains, necessary to confer laccase activity. Besides, we performed molecular docking and dynamics simulation of the laccase proteins in complex with lignin compounds (monomers, dimers, trimers, and tetramers). AaLac2, AaLac3, AaLac6, AaLac8, and AaLac10 were found that had low binding energies with all lignin model compounds tested and three of them could maintain stability when binding to these compounds. Among these complexes, amino acid residues ALA, GLN, LEU, PHE, PRO, and SER were commonly present. Our study reveals the molecular basis of A. areolatum laccases interacting with lignin, which is essential for understanding how the fungus provides nutrients to S. noctilio. These findings might also provide guidance for the control of S. noctilio by informing the design of enzyme mutants that could reduce the efficiency of lignin degradation.     

兴隆庄煤矿生态系统服务价值评估

以兖州矿区兴隆庄煤矿为例,基于1990-2018年间的遥感影像数据,从供给、调节、支持和文化4个方面对兴隆庄生态系统服务价值进行测算评估,并分析其动态变化度及敏感性。评估结果表明,总生态服务价值表现为先增加后减少,1990-2010年矿区生态系统服务总价值从18841.5万元增加至29034.2万元,主要原因是采煤塌陷导致耕地向塌陷水体转变以及林地面积的增加;2010-2018年生态总价值减少了2484.8万元,主要在于耕地大规模地转变为建设用地以及区域地下水位下降造成的水域面积减小。敏感性分析显示,耕地和水体是平原矿区生态系统服务价值最敏感的因素,耕地的敏感性指数由1990年的0.79降为2018年的0.28,说明其在生态服务价值中的影响逐年降低。     

铝合金表面GPTMS硅烷膜的制备及耐蚀性能研究

为提高铝合金耐腐蚀力，运用正交试验法研究在铝合金表面制备 γ-（2，3-环氧丙氧）丙基三甲氧基硅烷（GPTMS）自组装膜最佳工艺条件，利用极化曲线和扫描电子显微镜研究该硅烷膜在铝合金表面的耐腐蚀性能。研究表明：最佳工艺条件为 100 mL溶液中， pH＝4. 5，V（GPTMS）∶V（EtOH）∶V（H₂O）= 2∶7∶91，T_{1（水解温度）}＝25 ℃，t_{1（水解时间）}＝7 h，t_{2（浸涂时间）}＝10 min，t_{3（固化时间）}＝90 min，T_{2（固化温度）}＝120 ℃，该工艺条件下制备的硅烷膜具有优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy

Using nanoparticles to carry and delivery anticancer drugs holds much promise in cancer therapy, but nanoparticles per se are lacking specificity. Active targeting, that is, using specific ligands to functionalize nanoparticles, is attracting much attention in recent years. Aptamers, with their several favorable features like high specificity and affinity, small size, very low immunogenicity, relatively low cost for production, and easiness to store, are one of the best candidates for the specific ligands of nanoparticle functionalization. This review discusses the benefits and challenges of using aptamers to functionalize nanoparticles for active targeting and especially presents nearly all of the published works that address the topic of using aptamers to functionalize nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy.     

太阳能吸收式制冷系统动态特性分析

以上海地区某太阳能集热器驱动的单效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统为对象,对各主要部件负荷在典型日随时间变化的动态特性进行研究。结果表明:随着制冷能力的增加,发生器、冷凝器、吸收器及集热器面积需求量均增加;当制冷能力一定时,发生器与吸收器的负荷呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而集热器面积需求量的变化则与之相反。经济性分析可知结果表明,集热器费用为910、1040和1170$/m^2时,系统投资回收期分别为8.2、9.5及10.8 a,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

激光淬火对高速动车组EA4T车轴钢组织和性能的影响

为提高EA4T车轴钢的表面硬度和耐磨性能,采用激光淬火对调质态车轴进行表面改性。利用扫描电镜、显微硬度计、纳米压痕仪等对激光淬火层的微观组织、相变层深度和硬度进行了详细的表征。结果表明:EA4T车轴钢表面经过不同工艺激光淬火后,相变层内的淬火组织主要由细小的板条马氏体和粒状贝氏体组成,其深度根据工艺不同从100 μm到800 μm不等,并呈现随淬火功率的增加和扫描速度减小,相变层深度逐渐增加的趋势。淬火相变层区域内,车轴钢的显微硬度基本保持在450 HV0.2左右,约为基体硬度的2倍,耐磨性显著提高。由于淬火道次之间搭接的原因,淬火层呈现波形分布,其中波谷马氏体含量高于波峰位置,因此其硬度明显高于波峰处。     

Analysis of color volume of multi‐chromatic displays using gamut rings

There are claims that multi‐chromatic displays can achieve a wider color gamut by the use of additional highly saturated secondary color channels. However, there are other claims that these displays lose lightness and/or color saturation at brighter levels. These apparently divergent views have led to some controversy in the display industry and at standard setting organizations. This study examines the color gamut volume for a variety of simulated and measured multi‐chromatic (sometimes incorrectly referred to as “multi‐primary”) displays using combinations of white and/or secondary color channels, such as cyan, magenta, and yellow. Furthermore, a two‐dimensional gamut representation, referred to as “gamut rings,” is introduced to illustrate that the addition of nonprimary optical color channels to a trichromatic (RGB) display can result in a significant decrease in the chroma at higher lightness levels. The additional saturated color channels can increase the gamut volume only around their hues at darker levels. The results also confirm the validity of comparing the color light output and white light output for revealing the design trade‐offs between the high‐peak white and the color‐image brightness for multi‐chromatic displays.